{"id":743,"date":"2015-12-29T17:27:56","date_gmt":"2015-12-29T16:27:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/?p=743"},"modified":"2016-08-16T05:30:23","modified_gmt":"2016-08-16T04:30:23","slug":"laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/","title":{"rendered":"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj &#8211; 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku pop\u00ed\u0161u zp\u016fsob, jak doj\u00edt k rovnic\u00edm (regresn\u00ed funkce), kter\u00e9 budou p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat milivolty a miliamp\u00e9ry na d\u00edlky DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f a zp\u011bt &#8211; z d\u00edlk\u016f AD p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f vypo\u010d\u00edtat nap\u011bt\u00ed a proud. V jedn\u00e9 z kapitol \u010dl\u00e1nku rovnice uprav\u00edme tak, aby v\u00fdpo\u010det v osmibitov\u00e9m procesoru zabral pokud mo\u017eno co nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nap\u011bt\u00ed a proud je v analogov\u00e9m laboratorn\u00edm zdroji nastavov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed potenciometr\u016f. V procesorem \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9m zdroji, pr\u00e1ci potenciometr\u016f vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed DA p\u0159evodn\u00edky. M\u00edsto abychom ot\u00e1\u010deli potenciometrem, budeme ot\u00e1\u010det rota\u010dn\u00edm kod\u00e9rem. Procesor zpracuje \u00fadaj z rota\u010dn\u00edho kod\u00e9ru a na DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk po\u0161le \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00edk p\u0159evede na nap\u011bt\u00ed. Nap\u011bt\u00ed z p\u0159evodn\u00edku je pak v analogov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zdroje pou\u017eito k nastaven\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed na svork\u00e1ch, nebo maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho proudu na svork\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A k \u010demu to cel\u00e9 je?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rozli\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f a rota\u010dn\u00edho kod\u00e9ru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi jemn\u00e9. V na\u0161em zapojen\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme rota\u010dn\u00edm kod\u00e9rem nastavovat nap\u011bt\u00ed po milivoltech a proud po miliamp\u00e9r\u00e1ch. Potenciometry by pro stejnou \u00falohu musely b\u00fdt v\u00edceot\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e9, nebo bychom museli pou\u017e\u00edt dva, pro hrub\u00e9 a jemn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010casto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 hodnoty, nap\u0159. 5,000V, 12,000V mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveny v pam\u011bti procesoru, nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba manipulovat s potenciometry.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed potenciometr\u016f, m\u011b\u0159idla zdroje zobrazuj\u00ed jenom to, co je na svork\u00e1ch. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed procesoru m\u016f\u017eeme na displeji zobrazit nejenom nam\u011b\u0159enou, ale i nastavenou hodnotu. To m\u00e1 smysl hlavn\u011b u proudu, abych znal nastaven\u00ed proudov\u00e9 pojistky analogov\u00e9ho zdroje, mus\u00edm jej zkratovat.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Procesor m\u016f\u017ee \u0159\u00eddit hodnotu nap\u011bt\u00ed a proudu s\u00e1m, podle n\u011bjak\u00e9ho algoritmu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pro nab\u00edjen\u00ed bateri\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pomoc\u00ed programu v procesoru m\u016f\u017eeme korigovat linearitu analogov\u00e9ho obvodu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b teplotn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost nastaven\u00fdch hodnot.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Celkem budeme pot\u0159ebovat \u010dty\u0159i funkce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Na rota\u010dn\u00edm kod\u00e9ru nastav\u00edme a na displeji zobraz\u00edme po\u017eadovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, prom\u011bnnou <strong>Voltage1_DaMilivolt<\/strong>. Rozli\u0161en\u00ed bude 1mV na d\u00edlek rota\u010dn\u00edho kod\u00e9ru. Z tohoto nastaven\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me \u00fadaj pro DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk, prom\u011bnnou <strong>Voltage1_DaOutput<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">AD p\u0159evodn\u00edk zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na svork\u00e1ch zdroje a procesor hodnotu ulo\u017e\u00ed do prom\u011bnn\u00e9 <strong>Voltage1_AdInput<\/strong>. Z tohoto \u00fadaje vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me nap\u011bt\u00ed, prom\u011bnn\u00e1 <strong>Voltage1_AdMilivolt<\/strong>. To bude zobrazeno na displeji.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Na rota\u010dn\u00edm kod\u00e9ru nastav\u00edme a na displeji zobraz\u00edme po\u017eadovan\u00fd maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed proud, prom\u011bnnou <strong>Current1_DaMiliamper<\/strong>. Rozli\u0161en\u00ed bude 1mA na d\u00edlek rota\u010dn\u00edho kod\u00e9ru. Z tohoto nastaven\u00e9ho proudu vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me \u00fadaj pro druh\u00fd DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk, prom\u011bnnou <strong>Current1_DaOutput.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Druh\u00fd AD p\u0159evodn\u00edk zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed pomoc\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00edku proud na v\u00fdstupn\u00edch svork\u00e1ch zdroje a procesor z\u00edskanou hodnotu ulo\u017e\u00ed do prom\u011bnn\u00e9 <strong>Current1_AdInput<\/strong>. Z tohoto \u00fadaje vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me proud, prom\u011bnn\u00e1 <strong>Current1_AdMiliamper<\/strong>. To bude zobrazeno na displeji.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Funkce pro DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00e1mi pou\u017eit\u00fd DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk DAC8563 m\u00e1 rozli\u0161en\u00ed 16-bit\u016f a je nap\u00e1jen referen\u010dn\u00edm zdrojem 2,5V. P\u0159evodn\u00edk rozd\u011bl\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed 2,5V na 65536 d\u00edlk\u016f. Jeden d\u00edlek p\u0159evodn\u00edku m\u00e1 tedy velikost 0,038mV.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zdroj m\u00e1 b\u00fdt pou\u017eit do 50,000V. Te\u010f jsou dv\u011b mo\u017enosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Analogovou \u010d\u00e1st zdroje uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1me tak, aby jeden d\u00edlek DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku zes\u00edlila z 0,038147mV p\u0159esn\u011b na 1mV. DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk pak bude vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n od 0 do 50000 d\u00edlk\u016f a nebude pot\u0159eba nic po\u010d\u00edtat. Toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bude n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na analogovou \u010d\u00e1st a bez po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u016fjdou d\u011blat korekce teplotn\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti. Bude pot\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it nejenom p\u0159esn\u00e9 zes\u00edlen\u00ed, ale i offset obvodu.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Analogovou \u010d\u00e1st zdroje uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1me tak, abychom p\u0159evodn\u00edk vyu\u017eili skoro v cel\u00e9m rozsahu, tak\u017ee 50V bude n\u011bkde kolem 63000 d\u00edlk\u016f. No a \u00fadaj z rota\u010dn\u00edho kod\u00e9ru v milivoltech vyn\u00e1sob\u00edme n\u011bjakou konstantou, abychom z\u00edskali po\u010det d\u00edlk\u016f pro DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">My se rozhodli pou\u017e\u00edt druhou mo\u017enost. Procesor m\u00e1 dost velk\u00fd v\u00fdkon, aby mohl po\u010d\u00edtat mnohokr\u00e1t za sekundu. P\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed analogov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti se budeme zab\u00fdvat jej\u00ed stabilitou, zes\u00edlen\u00ed nastav\u00edme pomoc\u00ed odpor\u016f ve zp\u011btn\u00fdch vazb\u00e1ch opera\u010dn\u00edch zesilova\u010d\u016f odhadem. Offset nebudeme v analogov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u0159e\u0161it v\u016fbec. Prozat\u00edm budeme p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee z\u00e1vislot \u00fadaje na DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku a nap\u011bt\u00ed na v\u00fdstupn\u00edch svork\u00e1ch je line\u00e1rn\u00ed. Tak\u017ee funkce, kterou hled\u00e1me je rovnic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmky a m\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed podobu:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Voltage1_DaOutput =\u00a0\u00a0 Voltage1_DaMilivolt * A + B<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Koeficient A nastav\u00ed po\u010det d\u00edlk\u016f DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku na 1mV &#8211; ur\u010duje \u00fahel p\u0159\u00edmky, kter\u00e1 v grafu vyjad\u0159uje z\u00e1vislost d\u00edlk\u016f p\u0159evodn\u00edku na nap\u011bt\u00ed. Koeficient B posune p\u0159\u00edmku grafu ve svisl\u00e9m sm\u011bru, koriguje offset analogov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zdroje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/linearni-regrese.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-861\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-861\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/linearni-regrese.png\" alt=\"linearni regrese\" width=\"552\" height=\"542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/linearni-regrese.png 947w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/linearni-regrese-150x147.png 150w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/linearni-regrese-279x274.png 279w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/linearni-regrese-768x754.png 768w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/linearni-regrese-80x80.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 552px) 100vw, 552px\" \/><\/a>Abychom mohli vypo\u010d\u00edtat koeficienty line\u00e1rn\u00ed funkce, nastav\u00edme na DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku postupn\u011b dv\u011b hodnoty a na v\u00fdstupn\u00edch svork\u00e1ch zdroje zm\u011b\u0159\u00edme p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>10 000 d\u00edlk\u016f p\u0159evodn\u00edku\u00a0\u21d2 7 669 milivolt\u016f na svork\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>20 000 d\u00edlk\u016f p\u0159evodn\u00edku\u00a0\u21d2 15 310 milivolt\u016f na svork\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z t\u011bchto dvou bod\u016f n\u00e1hodn\u011b zvolen\u00fdch v rozsahu DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku sestav\u00edme rovnici p\u0159\u00edmky:<\/p>\n<p><strong>M = [ Mx; My ] = [ 7 669; 10 000 ]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>N = [ Nx; Ny ] = [ 15 310; 20 000 ]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vypo\u010dteme vektor p\u0159\u00edmky u = ( Nx \u2013 Mx; Ny \u2013 My) = <strong>( 7 641; 10 000 )<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rovnice p\u0159\u00edmky jsou:<\/p>\n<p><strong>X = Mx + u1 * t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Y = My + u2 * t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dosad\u00edme: X = 7 669 + 7641 * t<\/p>\n<p>Y = 10 000 + 10 000 * t, z toho t = ( Y \u2013 10 000 ) \/ 10 000<\/p>\n<p>Rovnici t = ( Y \u2013 10 000 ) \/ 10 000 dosad\u00edme do<\/p>\n<p><strong>X = 7 669 +( 7 641 * Y &#8211; 76 410 000 ) \/ 10 000<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Postupn\u011b zjednodu\u0161\u00edme:<\/p>\n<p>10 000 * X = 280 000 + 7 641 * Y<\/p>\n<p>X = 28 + 0,7641 * Y<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>0,7641 * Y = X &#8211; 28<\/p>\n<p><strong>Y = 1,3087 * X &#8211; 37<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">X je nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 prom\u011bnn\u00e1, v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b milivolty nastaven\u00e9 na rota\u010dn\u00edm kod\u00e9ru. Y je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 prom\u011bnn\u00e1, v na\u0161em p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b d\u00edlky DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku. Rovnice, kter\u00e1 vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 ze zadan\u00fdch milivolt\u016f po\u010det d\u00edlk\u016f DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku je tady:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Voltage1_DaOutput =\u00a0\u00a0 Voltage1_DaMilivolt * 1,3087 &#8211; 37<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Programov\u00e1n\u00ed rovnice na osmibitov\u00e9m mikroprocesoru<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vstupn\u00ed i v\u00fdstupn\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e1 rovnice je v mno\u017ein\u011b cel\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel v rozmez\u00ed 0 &#8211; 65535, tak\u017ee tyto prom\u011bnn\u00e9 budou deklarov\u00e1ny jako <em>unsigned int<\/em>. Koeficient 37 je cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed bude fungovat v mno\u017ein\u011b cel\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel. Nyn\u00ed je n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed a my\u0161lenek, kter\u00e9 budeme pot\u0159ebovat k pou\u017eit\u00ed desetinn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla 1,3087:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prvn\u00ed \u00favaha bude o tom, jak\u00fd vliv m\u00e1 po\u010det desetinn\u00fdch m\u00edst na v\u00fdsledek v\u00fdpo\u010dtu. Vstupn\u00ed i v\u00fdstupn\u00ed hodnota v\u00fdpo\u010dtu m\u00e1 v des\u00edtkov\u00e9 soustav\u011b 5 m\u00edst. Abychom nesn\u00ed\u017eili p\u0159esnost v\u00fdpo\u010dtu, je nutn\u00e9, aby i koeficient kter\u00fdm n\u00e1sob\u00edme, m\u011bl 5 m\u00edst. Kdy\u017e bude m\u00edt men\u0161\u00ed po\u010det m\u00edst, rozli\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdsledku bude men\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e rozli\u0161en\u00ed vstupn\u00ed hodnoty. V\u00fdpo\u010det nebude p\u0159esn\u00fd, nebude vyu\u017eito p\u016fvodn\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159evodn\u00edku 16 bit\u016f. Kdy\u017e bude m\u00edt koeficient v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u00edst ne\u017e 5, bude to zbyte\u010dn\u00e9. V\u00fdsledek bude m\u00edt sice v\u00edc desetinn\u00fdch m\u00edst, ale ty nebudou m\u00edt v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">T\u00edm, \u017ee hodnotu z 16-ti bitov\u00e9ho p\u0159evodn\u00edku vyn\u00e1sob\u00edm \u010d\u00edslem 1,3087468912 sice z\u00edsk\u00e1m \u010d\u00edslo p\u0159es cel\u00fd displej kalkula\u010dky, ale vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 hodnota p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 16 bit\u016f nebude.<\/span> Po\u010det desetinn\u00fdch m\u00edst na kalkula\u010dce nerozhoduje o p\u0159esnosti \u010d\u00edsla.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u0159i programov\u00e1n\u00ed je nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed vz\u00edt knihovnu <em>float.h<\/em> a v\u00fdpo\u010det prov\u00e9st v mno\u017ein\u011b \u010d\u00edsel s pohyblivou desetinnou \u010d\u00e1rkou. Jenom\u017ee \u010d\u00edsla z na\u0161\u00ed rovnice pohyblivou desetinnou \u010d\u00e1rku nemaj\u00ed. Vstup a v\u00fdstup je cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo a koeficient m\u00e1 pevn\u00fd po\u010det desetinn\u00fdch m\u00edst. Tak to zkus\u00edme jinak.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Koeficient 1,3087 vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00edme jako 13 087 \/ 10 000 a rovnici naprogramujeme takto:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Voltage1_DaOutput =\u00a0 Voltage1_DaMilivolt * 13 087 \/ 10 000 &#8211; 37<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Te\u010f u\u017e nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba knihovna <em>float.h<\/em>. \u010c\u00edslo 13 087 zabere 14 bit\u016f, vstupn\u00ed hodnota je 16-ti bitov\u00e1. Tak\u017ee pro n\u00e1soben\u00ed bude pot\u0159eba minim\u00e1ln\u011b 14 + 16 = 30 bit\u016f. Prom\u011bnn\u00e1 <em>Votage1_DaMilivolt<\/em> mus\u00ed b\u00fdt deklarov\u00e1na jako <em>unsigned long int<\/em>. Tak p\u0159eklada\u010d (AVR studio) pozn\u00e1, \u017ee si m\u00e1 pro v\u00fdpo\u010det vyhradit 32 bit\u016f v pam\u011bti i kdy\u017e ze samotn\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9 budeme vyu\u017e\u00edvat jenom 16 bit\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Posledn\u00ed \u00favaha se bude t\u00fdkat rychlosti v\u00fdpo\u010dtu. P\u0159ed a za rovnici jsem v programu dal rozsv\u00edcen\u00ed a zhasnut\u00ed LED diody p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 na n\u011bkter\u00e9m z pin\u016f procesoru. Rovnici jsem nechal opakovan\u011b po\u010d\u00edtat a na osciloskopu podle blik\u00e1n\u00ed ledky m\u011b\u0159il, jak dlouho to trv\u00e1. Procesor ATxmega na 32MHz pot\u0159ebuje 20\u00b5s na jednu rovnici, ve kter\u00e9 je pou\u017eito d\u011blen\u00ed 32-bitov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Operace d\u011blen\u00ed bude nejsp\u00ed\u0161 z cel\u00e9ho v\u00fdpo\u010dtu trvat nejdel\u0161\u00ed dobu. Proto se pokus\u00edme d\u011blen\u00ed nahradit posouv\u00e1n\u00edm bit\u016f. Kdy\u017e posuneme \u010d\u00edslo o 14 bit\u016f do prava, je to stejn\u00e9, jako kdy\u017e \u010d\u00edslo vyd\u011bl\u00edme hodnotou 16 384. To je 2^14.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2^14 * 1,3087 = 16 384 * 1,3087 = 21 442<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Voltage1_DaOutput =\u00a0 (( Voltage1_DaMilivolt * 21 442 ) &gt;&gt; 14 ) &#8211; 37<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Znovu jsem zm\u011b\u0159il rychlost po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed a jsme na 5\u00b5s. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Tak\u017ee bez d\u011blen\u00ed je to \u010dty\u0159i kr\u00e1t rychlej\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Linearita multimetru?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V p\u0159edchodz\u00edch kapitol\u00e1ch jsme uva\u017eovali, \u017ee DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk s celou analogovou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zdroje i multimetr, kter\u00fdm byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny \u00fadaje pro sestaven\u00ed rovnice jsou line\u00e1rn\u00ed. Body pro sestaven\u00ed rovnice jsme m\u011bli jenom dva a zvolil jsem je n\u00e1hodn\u011b. <strong>Je to cel\u00e9 line\u00e1rn\u00ed, sta\u010d\u00ed opravdu jenom dva body k sestaven\u00ed rovnice?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Program zdroje jsem upravil tak, abych bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 rota\u010dn\u00edm kod\u00e9rem nastavovat hodnotu DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku. Na v\u00fdstupn\u00ed svorky zdroje jsem p\u0159ipojil multimetr UT61E a M-3860 a nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty opisoval do tabulky ve voltech.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/nap\u011bt\u00ed_m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-871\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-871\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/nap\u011bt\u00ed_m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed-1072x1536.png\" alt=\"nap\u011bt\u00ed_m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\" width=\"674\" height=\"966\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/nap\u011bt\u00ed_m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed-1072x1536.png 1072w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/nap\u011bt\u00ed_m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed-105x150.png 105w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/nap\u011bt\u00ed_m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed-191x274.png 191w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/nap\u011bt\u00ed_m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed-768x1101.png 768w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/nap\u011bt\u00ed_m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.png 1171w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9m sloupci bylo prov\u00e1d\u011bno t\u0159ikr\u00e1t, abych m\u011bl jistotu, \u017ee zapojen\u00ed je stabiln\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159idla i p\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m nastaven\u00ed stejn\u00e9 hodnoty na DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku uk\u00e1\u017eou stejnou hodnotu. P\u0159i z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei a zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed u\u017e to tak dobr\u00e9 nebude, ale to te\u010f zkoumat nebudu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Do dal\u0161\u00ed dvojice sloupc\u016f tabulky jsem napsal rovnice &#8211; jejich koeficienty jsou v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti tabulky. \u0158\u00e1dky, podle kter\u00fdch byly v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny koeficienty rovnic jsou zv\u00fdrazn\u011bny.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V posledn\u00ed dvojici sloupc\u016f je vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na odchylka vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 a nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty. Tady uvid\u00edme, jak moc jsou m\u011b\u0159idla a DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk v\u016f\u010di sob\u011b line\u00e1rn\u00ed. Pro stanoven\u00ed koeficient\u016f rovnice jsem pou\u017eil \u00fadaje z multimetru UT61E. Odchylka mezi nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm a vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdm je jeden, nebo dva d\u00edlky DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku, to je mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsem \u010dekal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota zobrazen\u00e1 na multimetru UT61E je 22000. Do 22V multimetr ukazuje se stejnou linearitou jako DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk spolu s ostatn\u00edmi obvody zdroje. Potom se p\u0159epne rozsah a dal\u0161\u00ed hodnoty ut\u00edkaj\u00ed. <strong>Rozsahy m\u011b\u0159idla UT61E na sebe nenavazuj\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">U star\u0161\u00edho multimetru Metex M-3860D je vid\u011bt podobn\u00e1 zm\u011bna p\u0159i p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed rozsah\u016f n\u011bkde kolem 4V. Dal\u0161\u00ed nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 \u00fadaje jsou v\u016f\u010di DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku zdroje neline\u00e1rn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prozat\u00edm nem\u00e1m k dispozici m\u011b\u0159idlo z v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm rozli\u0161en\u00edm, proto nech\u00e1m rovnici naprogramovanou podle UT61E.<\/p>\n<h2>Funkce pro AD p\u0159evodn\u00edk nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">AD p\u0159evodn\u00edk ADS8343, kter\u00fd jsme pou\u017eili ve zdroji, m\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m vstupu multiplexer pro p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dtve\u0159ice vstup\u016f. Jeden z nich je p\u0159es d\u011bli\u010d sestaven\u00fd z odpor\u016f a opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010d p\u0159ipojen k v\u00fdstupn\u00edm svork\u00e1m zdroje tak, aby mohl m\u011b\u0159it v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159evodn\u00edk je nap\u00e1jen referen\u010dn\u00edm zdrojem 2,5V stejn\u011b jako DA p\u0159evodn\u00edk a jeho rozli\u0161en\u00ed je 16 bit\u016f. Podobn\u011b jako u DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku jsme se nezab\u00fdvali p\u0159esn\u00fdmi hodnotami odpor\u016f v d\u011bli\u010di, ani offsetem obvodu. P\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed jednotek AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku na milivolty zajist\u00ed rovnice. Abychom mohli rovnici sestavit, vytvo\u0159\u00edme podobnou tabulku jako v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed kapitole.<a href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD1-e1462769826477.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-877\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-877\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD1-e1462769826477.png\" alt=\"Regrese_napeti_AD1\" width=\"600\" height=\"905\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD1.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-877\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-877 vizmzopeksypkvmyymnv femtlcxltavxmvmvexpo jmbgimqwcvvvakakzezu jdwqjhmsbjbcmiatkjhu bazwmrbrhlpegeztpurj tcchgmlesxwmrgdwjokw\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD1.png\" alt=\"Regrese_napeti_AD1\" width=\"766\" height=\"1156\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD1.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-877\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-877 vizmzopeksypkvmyymnv femtlcxltavxmvmvexpo jmbgimqwcvvvakakzezu jdwqjhmsbjbcmiatkjhu bazwmrbrhlpegeztpurj tcchgmlesxwmrgdwjokw\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD1.png\" alt=\"Regrese_napeti_AD1\" width=\"766\" height=\"1156\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD1.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-877\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-877 vizmzopeksypkvmyymnv femtlcxltavxmvmvexpo jmbgimqwcvvvakakzezu jdwqjhmsbjbcmiatkjhu bazwmrbrhlpegeztpurj tcchgmlesxwmrgdwjokw\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD1.png\" alt=\"Regrese_napeti_AD1\" width=\"766\" height=\"1156\" \/><\/a>Pro jednotliv\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed nastaven\u00e1 na DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku, zap\u00ed\u0161eme do tabulky hodnoty z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku (vyzna\u010deno sv\u011btle \u017elut\u011b). Koeficienty line\u00e1rn\u00ed rovnice potom m\u016f\u017eeme vypo\u010d\u00edtat na pap\u00ed\u0159e, podobn\u011b jako v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed kapitole. V dal\u0161\u00edm slouci je rozd\u00edl mezi vypo\u010d\u00edtanou a nastavenou hodnotou v milivoltech. Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee obvod AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku nen\u00ed line\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di nap\u011bt\u00ed nastaven\u00e9mu na DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 AD p\u0159evodn\u00edk nen\u00ed line\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di multimetru UT61E. Chyba je +4mV uprost\u0159ed rozsahu a -6mV na jeho konc\u00edch. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee multimetr byl pou\u017eit jenom do 22V, tak nev\u00edm, jestli je opravdu neline\u00e1rn\u00ed obvod AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku. To bude mo\u017en\u00e9 zjistit, a\u017e se poda\u0159\u00ed zap\u016fj\u010dit n\u011bkde p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159idlo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Te\u010f se budu sna\u017eit korigovat nelinearitu vyj\u00e1d\u0159enou rozd\u00edlem v zelen\u00e9m sloupci. Tento probl\u00e9m u\u017e neum\u00edm vy\u0159e\u0161it na pap\u00ed\u0159e, pro dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci jsem pou\u017eil Excel. Z hodnot v tabulce jsem vytvo\u0159il bodov\u00fd graf. Hodnoty \u0159ady X jsou data z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku, hodnoty \u0159ady Y je po\u017eadovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v milivoltech, kter\u00e9 bylo vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no z DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku a nam\u011b\u0159eno multimetrem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD_graf-e1462771707416.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-880\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-880\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regrese_napeti_AD_graf-e1462771707416.png\" alt=\"Regrese_napeti_AD_graf\" width=\"600\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V grafu je mo\u017enost p\u0159idat spojnici trendu a vybrat typ regresn\u00ed funkce. Vybral jsem polynomickou regresn\u00ed funkci druh\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. To je vlastn\u011b kvadratick\u00e1 funkce a jej\u00edm grafem je parabola. Parabola je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prohnut\u00e1 jenom m\u00e1lo, asi o 10mV na cel\u00e9m rozsahu. Prohnut\u00ed je pops\u00e1no prvn\u00edm koeficientem rovnice, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 hodnotu 0,000000012. Koeficienty vypo\u010d\u00edtal Excel, j\u00e1 to neum\u00edm. Podrobn\u011bji je problematika pr\u00e1ce s regresn\u00edmi funkcemi pops\u00e1na nap\u0159. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/vyuka-excelu.cz\/navody\/pokrocila-analyza-regrese-korelace\/linearni-regrese-v-excelu\/\">zde<\/a><\/span>. V dal\u0161\u00edm sloupci tabulky jsem zobrazil rozd\u00edly od po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho, abych vid\u011bl, jak moc se Excel trefil. Chyba je +2 \/ -3mV. Rovnice je tady:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Voltage1_AdMilivolt = 0,000000012 * <\/strong><strong>Voltage1_AdInput\u00b2 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>+ 0,5357 *<\/strong> <strong>Voltage1_AdInput &#8211; 160<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Kvadratick\u00e1 regresn\u00ed funkce na osmibitov\u00e9m procesoru<\/h2>\n<p>Koeficienty p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00edme do tvaru, kter\u00fd je vhodn\u00fd pro mikroprocesor:<\/p>\n<p>Koeficient 0,000000012 * 2^31 = 26. Tak\u017ee prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st rovnice bude vypadat takto<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>((( Voltage1_AdInput * Voltage1_AdInput ) &gt;&gt; 6 ) * 26 ) &gt;&gt; 25<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rotaci vpravo jsem samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mohl prov\u00e9st najednou o 31 bit\u016f a potom n\u00e1sobit koeficientem 26. Jenom\u017ee to by v\u011bt\u0161inou nebylo co n\u00e1sobit, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina men\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00edsel by se rotov\u00e1n\u00edm vynulovala. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, nem\u016f\u017eu nap\u0159ed n\u00e1sobit a potom rotovat, proto\u017ee druh\u00e1 mocnina 16-ti bitov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla zabere 32 bit\u016f, tak\u017ee na n\u00e1soben\u00ed u\u017e nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 prostor v <em>long int<\/em>. Koeficient 26 pot\u0159ebuje 5 bit\u016f, j\u00e1 rozd\u011blil rotaci o 31 bit\u016f na 6 + 25.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Koeficient 0,5357 * 2^15 = 17554. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st rovnice bude<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>( Voltage1_AdInput * 17554 ) &gt;&gt; 15<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Te\u010f u\u017e sta\u010d\u00ed dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti kvadratick\u00e9 funkce se\u010d\u00edst a p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st: -160.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Multimetr Fluke8842 a p\u0159esnost v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kolega Michal zap\u016fj\u010dil 5,5 m\u00edstn\u00e9 stoln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159idlo Fluke8842 a znovu provedl m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u017e do 50V. J\u00e1 m\u011bl pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch kapitol\u00e1ch jenom 35V transform\u00e1tor. Nic p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e Fluke8842 u\u017e m\u00edt nebudeme, tak\u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edstroj je pro n\u00e1s <em>&#8222;ide\u00e1ln\u011b line\u00e1rn\u00ed&#8220;<\/em> a linearitu na\u0161ich v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f se mu budeme sna\u017eit p\u0159izp\u016fsobit. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me p\u0159itom, \u017ee nelinearity, kter\u00e9 jsme m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm objevili, vznikaj\u00ed v obvodech na\u0161eho zdroje a proto je mus\u00edme kompenzovat rovnicemi v programu procesoru.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Fluke8842_nap\u011bt\u00ed.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-890\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-890\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Fluke8842_nap\u011bt\u00ed-809x1536.png\" alt=\"Fluke8842_nap\u011bt\u00ed\" width=\"565\" height=\"1073\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Fluke8842_nap\u011bt\u00ed-809x1536.png 809w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Fluke8842_nap\u011bt\u00ed-79x150.png 79w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Fluke8842_nap\u011bt\u00ed-144x274.png 144w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Fluke8842_nap\u011bt\u00ed-768x1459.png 768w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Fluke8842_nap\u011bt\u00ed.png 915w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><\/a>Na DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku bylo nastavov\u00e1no to co je v prvn\u00edm sloupci tabulky. \u010cerven\u011b jsou vyzna\u010deny hodnoty ode\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 z multimetru a hodnoty ode\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na v\u00fdstupn\u00edch svork\u00e1ch zdroje. V dal\u0161\u00edch sloupc\u00edch jsou line\u00e1rn\u00ed a kvadratick\u00e9 rovnice, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed koeficienty z horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti tabulky. Koeficienty byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny regres\u00ed v Excel. Sloupce s odchylkami vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi nam\u011b\u0159enou a vypo\u010d\u00edtanou hodnotou. A jak je to s p\u0159esnost\u00ed po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Line\u00e1rn\u00ed rovnice DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed chybu -35 \/ +20 d\u00edlk\u016f z 65000. Chyba je 0,05%, nebo 538ppm &#8211; 538 miliontin z cel\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho rozsahu p\u0159evodn\u00edku.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kvadratick\u00e1 rovnice DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku m\u00e1 chybu -10 \/ +2 d\u00edlky z 65000. Chyba je 153ppm, tak\u017ee v\u00fdpo\u010dtem jsme se k Fluke p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eili 3,5x l\u00edp, ne\u017e v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Line\u00e1rn\u00ed rovnice AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku m\u00e1 chybu -11,5 \/ +21,3mV z 50.000mV rozsahu zdroje. Chyba je 426ppm.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kvadratick\u00e1 rovnice AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku m\u00e1 chybu -0,9 \/ +13,8mV, to je 276ppm. Tato chyba je hlavn\u011b na vysok\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed, kolem 50V. To je d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee na mal\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed, do jednoho voltu bylo provedeno hodn\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, aby v t\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti bylo po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed &#8211; relativn\u00ed chyba byla men\u0161\u00ed. Regrese se sna\u017e\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout minim\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 odhylky, tak\u017ee tam kde je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed dat, je prolo\u017een\u00ed k\u0159ivky pe\u010dliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hodnoty byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny p\u0159i nezat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9m zdroji, nebo byl zdroj zat\u00ed\u017een odporovou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed 10 a 20ohm. P\u0159i zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdroje v praxi, bude pr\u00e1ce p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f zat\u00ed\u017eena r\u016fzn\u00fdmi chybami z prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee,\u00a0 jej\u00ed induk\u010dnosti atd. V t\u00e9to kapitole jsem cht\u011bl uk\u00e1zat zp\u016fsob programov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011b\u0159idel ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch procesorem, bez ohledu na dal\u0161\u00ed vlivy re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho zapojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed, kterou bych cht\u011bl zahrnout do v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f, je teplotn\u00ed kompenzace. M\u00e1me mo\u017enost m\u011b\u0159it teplotu ve sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ce zdroje a podle n\u00ed upravovat koeficienty rovnic. Toto zat\u00edm nem\u00e1me jak vyzkou\u0161et, proto\u017ee desky voln\u011b polo\u017een\u00e9 na stole se sta\u010d\u00ed ochlazovat, zm\u011bny parametr\u016f i p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nejsou moc velk\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Metoda pro z\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed dvojice rovnic pro po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed s proudem je stejn\u00e1. Spousta m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v re\u017eimu zdroje proudu, zapisov\u00e1n\u00ed do tabulek a potom regresn\u00ed funkce z\u00edskan\u00e9 v Excel a naprogramovan\u00e9 tak, aby nebylo pot\u0159eba d\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u010casov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f na ATxmega128<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cht\u011bli bychom, aby informace na displeji zdroje byly obnovov\u00e1ny 10x za sekundu. Tak\u017ee na jeden cyklus komunikace s deskami, v\u00fdpo\u010dty a p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f na displeji m\u00e1me 100ms.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Procesor b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na 32MHz a p\u0159episuje v\u0161echny prom\u011bnn\u00e9 na TFT displeji s rozli\u0161en\u00edm 480&#215;272 bod\u016f, to trv\u00e1 asi 30ms. P\u0159itom se v\u017edy m\u011bn\u00ed jenom n\u011bkter\u00e9 hodnoty. Tak\u017ee pokud bychom zji\u0161\u0165ovali, co se od minul\u00e9ho p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bnilo a co ne, sta\u010dila by v pr\u016fm\u011bru t\u0159etina \u010dasu na vykreslen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd ze dvou zdroj\u016f pot\u0159ebuje 4 rovnice po 5\u00b5s, kdy\u017e jsou line\u00e1rn\u00ed. Kvadratick\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed 15\u00b5s, tak\u017ee celkem 15 * 8 = 120us. Potom podle Ohmova z\u00e1kona po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me vnit\u0159n\u00ed odpor z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkon. Tam u\u017e se nevyhneme operaci d\u011blen\u00ed, ale stejn\u011b se s cel\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm nedostaneme nad 1ms.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das zabere komunikace po s\u00e9riov\u00e9m kan\u00e1lu, sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f z kl\u00e1vesnice a rota\u010dn\u00edho kod\u00e9ru, ale to v\u0161echno je \u0159\u00edzeno z p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed, tak\u017ee procesor nikdy ne\u010dek\u00e1. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s kreslen\u00edm na displeji jsou tyto \u010dinnosti \u010dasov\u011b nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zdroj funguje a n\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 mechanick\u00e1 konstrukce a potom programov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch detail\u016f a funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1mi navr\u017een\u00fd obvod umo\u017e\u0148uje &#8211; v\u00fdkon procesoru je dimenzovan\u00fd dost.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem se sna\u017eil podrobn\u011b popsat metody sestaven\u00ed rovnic, kter\u00e9 je pot\u0159eba programovat nejenom u m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na laboratorn\u00edm zdroji. Regresn\u00ed funkce jsou pot\u0159eba v\u017edy, kdy\u017e stav\u00edme n\u011bjak\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159idlo s mikroprocesorem. Procesor m\u00e1 n\u011bjakou nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu (v\u011bt\u0161inou z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku), kterou je pot\u0159eba p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtat na jednotky m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt nejenom nap\u011bt\u00ed, ale i teplota, tlak, vzd\u00e1lenost&#8230; \u010cidla, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed m\u011b\u0159enou veli\u010dinu na nap\u011bt\u00ed, maj\u00ed v\u017edy n\u011bjakou nelineariaritu. Dal\u0161\u00ed chyby mohou b\u00fdt vneseny pou\u017eit\u00fdmi zesilova\u010di, teplotn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b by sta\u010dilo pou\u017e\u00edt excel a na jedno\u010dipov\u00e9m procesoru rovnici opsat do programu s pou\u017eit\u00edm \u010d\u00edsel s pohyblivou \u010d\u00e1rkou. J\u00e1 si nap\u0159ed ud\u011blal p\u0159edstavu o v\u00fdpo\u010dtu na pap\u00ed\u0159e, bez pou\u017eit\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Zkusil jsem, jak by to asi m\u011blo vyj\u00edt, abych v dal\u0161\u00edm, slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kroku ch\u00e1pal a um\u011bl odstranit chyby. A\u017e kdy\u017e problematiku pochop\u00edm, pou\u017eiji k p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroje typu Excel. A nakonec jsem cht\u011bl v \u010dl\u00e1nku zopakovat p\u0159echod od lidsk\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v des\u00edtkov\u00e9 soustav\u011b k tomu, co je optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pro osmibitov\u00fd mikroprocesor &#8211; z m\u00e9ho pohledu celkem podce\u0148ovan\u00e1 oblast p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed p\u0159i programov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/2015\/11\/laboratorni-zdroj-uvod\/\" target=\"_blank\">Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj \u2013 1. \u00favod<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-popis-zapojeni\/\" target=\"_blank\">Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj \u2013 2. popis zapojen\u00ed<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/ok2haz.ok2kld.cz\/ok2haz\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-volba-soucastek\/\" target=\"_blank\">Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj \u2013 3. volba sou\u010d\u00e1stek<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/ok2haz.ok2kld.cz\/ok2haz\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-4-navrh-modulu-zdroje\/\" target=\"_blank\">Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj \u2013 4. n\u00e1vrh modulu zdroje<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-5-komunikace-po-seriove-lince\/\" target=\"_blank\">Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj \u2013 5. komunikace po s\u00e9riov\u00e9 lince<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-6-programovani-da-a-ad-prevodniku\/\" target=\"_blank\">Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj \u2013 6. programov\u00e1n\u00ed DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Programov\u00e1n\u00ed rovnic p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch po\u017eadovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na hodnotu DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku a nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku na nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114,4],"tags":[49,136,147,137,146,116,135,145,144],"class_list":["post-743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-laboratorni-zdroj","category-programovani","tag-atmega","tag-atmel","tag-fluke8842","tag-homemade-power-supply","tag-kvadraticka-rovnice","tag-laboratorni-zdroj","tag-laboratory-power-supply","tag-linearni-rovnice","tag-regresni-funkce"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj - 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky - Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Programov\u00e1n\u00ed regresn\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na hodnotu DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku a nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku na nap\u011bt\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj - 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky - Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Programov\u00e1n\u00ed regresn\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na hodnotu DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku a nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku na nap\u011bt\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-12-29T16:27:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-08-16T04:30:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2638\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1147\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ok2jnj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ok2jnj\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"19 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ok2jnj\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/611e6231cd7c1180c0871958f742373a\"},\"headline\":\"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj &#8211; 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-12-29T16:27:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-08-16T04:30:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/\"},\"wordCount\":3784,\"commentCount\":8,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/611e6231cd7c1180c0871958f742373a\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png\",\"keywords\":[\"ATmega\",\"Atmel\",\"fluke8842\",\"homemade power supply\",\"kvadratick\u00e1 rovnice\",\"laboratorni zdroj\",\"laboratory power supply\",\"line\u00e1rn\u00ed rovnice\",\"regresn\u00ed funkce\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj\",\"Programov\u00e1n\u00ed\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/\",\"name\":\"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj - 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky - Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-12-29T16:27:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-08-16T04:30:23+00:00\",\"description\":\"Programov\u00e1n\u00ed regresn\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na hodnotu DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku a nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku na nap\u011bt\u00ed.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png\",\"width\":2638,\"height\":1147},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\u016f\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj &#8211; 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/\",\"name\":\"Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il\",\"description\":\"Na sv\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch popisuji cesty, kter\u00fdmi jsem do\u0161el k zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm. C\u00edle se ob\u010das b\u011bhem cesty zm\u011bnily.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/611e6231cd7c1180c0871958f742373a\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/611e6231cd7c1180c0871958f742373a\",\"name\":\"ok2jnj\",\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj - 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky - Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il","description":"Programov\u00e1n\u00ed regresn\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na hodnotu DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku a nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku na nap\u011bt\u00ed.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj - 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky - Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il","og_description":"Programov\u00e1n\u00ed regresn\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na hodnotu DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku a nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku na nap\u011bt\u00ed.","og_url":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/","og_site_name":"Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il","article_published_time":"2015-12-29T16:27:56+00:00","article_modified_time":"2016-08-16T04:30:23+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2638,"height":1147,"url":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"ok2jnj","twitter_misc":{"Napsal(a)":"ok2jnj","Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"19 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/"},"author":{"name":"ok2jnj","@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/611e6231cd7c1180c0871958f742373a"},"headline":"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj &#8211; 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky","datePublished":"2015-12-29T16:27:56+00:00","dateModified":"2016-08-16T04:30:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/"},"wordCount":3784,"commentCount":8,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/611e6231cd7c1180c0871958f742373a"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png","keywords":["ATmega","Atmel","fluke8842","homemade power supply","kvadratick\u00e1 rovnice","laboratorni zdroj","laboratory power supply","line\u00e1rn\u00ed rovnice","regresn\u00ed funkce"],"articleSection":["Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj","Programov\u00e1n\u00ed"],"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/","url":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/","name":"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj - 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky - Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png","datePublished":"2015-12-29T16:27:56+00:00","dateModified":"2016-08-16T04:30:23+00:00","description":"Programov\u00e1n\u00ed regresn\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na hodnotu DA p\u0159evodn\u00edku a nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu z AD p\u0159evodn\u00edku na nap\u011bt\u00ed.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/Regresn\u00ed-funkce.png","width":2638,"height":1147},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2015\/12\/laboratorni-zdroj-7-matematika-pro-da-ad-prevodniky\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Dom\u016f","item":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Laboratorn\u00ed zdroj &#8211; 7. matematika pro DA a AD p\u0159evodn\u00edky"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/","name":"Franti\u0161ek Posp\u00ed\u0161il","description":"Na sv\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch popisuji cesty, kter\u00fdmi jsem do\u0161el k zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm. C\u00edle se ob\u010das b\u011bhem cesty zm\u011bnily.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/611e6231cd7c1180c0871958f742373a"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/611e6231cd7c1180c0871958f742373a","name":"ok2jnj","logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=743"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":971,"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/743\/revisions\/971"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}