{"id":1464,"date":"2023-06-24T18:24:14","date_gmt":"2023-06-24T17:24:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/?p=1464"},"modified":"2023-06-27T19:39:07","modified_gmt":"2023-06-27T18:39:07","slug":"vypocet-a-vyroba-transformatoru-pro-blokujici-spinany-zdroj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/cs\/2023\/06\/vypocet-a-vyroba-transformatoru-pro-blokujici-spinany-zdroj\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdpo\u010det a v\u00fdroba transform\u00e1toru pro blokuj\u00edc\u00ed sp\u00ednan\u00fd zdroj"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Princip \u010dinnosti a stavba r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f sp\u00ednan\u00fdch zdroj\u016f je pe\u010dliv\u011b pops\u00e1na na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/danyk.cz\/impulz4.html\">danyk.cz<\/a>. J\u00e1 bych v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku cht\u011bl doplnit postup p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu a amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b transform\u00e1toru, nebo vlastn\u011b tlumivky s&nbsp;n\u011bkolika vinut\u00edmi. Pro vysv\u011btlen\u00ed postupu p\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu bude pou\u017eito katalogov\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed obvodu TNY274:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1227\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-22.png 1227w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-22-366x148.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-22-150x61.png 150w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-22-768x310.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1227px) 100vw, 1227px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vstupn\u00ed a v\u00fdstupn\u00ed parametry zdroje pro v\u00fdpo\u010dty v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed 230V \/ 50Hz je usm\u011brn\u011bno a vyfiltrov\u00e1no. Stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je potom teoreticky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"158\" height=\"27\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-1.png 158w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-1-150x26.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 158px) 100vw, 158px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee se nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat v&nbsp;rozsahu +\/-10%, budeme ve v\u00fdpo\u010dtu pou\u017e\u00edvat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed U<sub>1MAX<\/sub> = 325 + 10% = 358 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; minim\u00e1ln\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed U<sub>1MIN<\/sub> = 325 \u2013 10% = 293 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f bude prov\u00e1d\u011bna s&nbsp;minim\u00e1ln\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00edm, proto\u017ee zdroj mus\u00ed fungovat od nejmen\u0161\u00edho mo\u017en\u00e9ho nap\u00e1jec\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s&nbsp;vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00edm zdroj zm\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddu sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed bude pou\u017eito p\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu p\u0159evodov\u00e9ho pom\u011bru, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek indukovan\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u017eadovan\u00e9 parametry navrhovan\u00e9ho blokuj\u00edc\u00edho m\u011bni\u010de jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed U<sub>2<\/sub> = 5V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed proud I<sub>2<\/sub> = 1A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdkon zdroje je potom<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"31\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-2.png 225w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-2-150x21.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\"><strong>Pozor:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Konstrukce sp\u00ednan\u00e9ho zdroje nen\u00ed ur\u010dena pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky. P\u0159i o\u017eivov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed popsan\u00e9m v&nbsp;tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, byl sp\u00ednan\u00fd zdroj nap\u00e1jen z&nbsp;odd\u011blovac\u00edho transform\u00e1toru. V&nbsp;s\u00e9rii se zdrojem je v\u00fdkonov\u00fd rezistor 600\u03a9. Bez pou\u017eit\u00ed odd\u011blovac\u00edho transform\u00e1toru nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti zdroje.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zp\u011btn\u00e1 transformace a n\u00e1vrh p\u0159evodov\u00e9ho pom\u011bru<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>U oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho transform\u00e1toru je pom\u011br po\u010dtu z\u00e1vit\u016f prim\u00e1rn\u00edho a sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho vinut\u00ed stejn\u00fd, jako pom\u011br vstupn\u00edho a v\u00fdstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed. Elektrick\u00fd proud v&nbsp;prim\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00ed indukuje magnetick\u00fd tok v j\u00e1d\u0159e a ve stejn\u00e9m okam\u017eiku se magnetick\u00fd tok v&nbsp;sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed na elektrick\u00fd proud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro navrhovan\u00fd sp\u00ednan\u00fd zdroj by byl p\u0159evodov\u00fd pom\u011br <em>p<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"206\" height=\"55\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-3.png 206w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-3-150x40.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 206px) 100vw, 206px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Blokuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bni\u010d funguje jinak. Pracovn\u00ed cyklus m\u011bni\u010de je v&nbsp;jedn\u00e9 period\u011b rozd\u011blen na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"802\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-20.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-20.png 802w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-20-366x219.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-20-150x90.png 150w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-20-768x460.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dlut\u00fd paprsek na osciloskopu zobrazuje pr\u016fb\u011bh na sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00ed, v dob\u011b T<sub>ON<\/sub> je vid\u011bt zp\u011btn\u011b transformovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zat\u011b\u017euje usm\u011br\u0148ovac\u00ed diodu na v\u00fdstupu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fialov\u00fd paprsek zobrazuje nap\u011bt\u00ed na rezistoru R<sub>28<\/sub>, cht\u011bl jsem vid\u011bt, jak moc bude rezistor zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doba T<sub>ON<\/sub>: tranzistor na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed stran\u011b je sepnut, roste proud tekouc\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm, spolu s n\u00edm roste magnetick\u00fd tok feritov\u00fdm j\u00e1drem. Energie se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 ve form\u011b magnetick\u00e9ho pole do mezery v j\u00e1d\u0159e. V&nbsp;sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00ed je indukov\u00e1no nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 opa\u010dnou polaritu, ne\u017e propust\u00ed usm\u011br\u0148ovac\u00ed dioda. Proud sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm nete\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doba T<sub>OFF<\/sub>:&nbsp;tranzistor je rozepnut, elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed indukovan\u00e9 v&nbsp;c\u00edvk\u00e1ch m\u011bn\u00ed svou polaritu. Nap\u011bt\u00ed indukovan\u00e9 na sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00ed bude usm\u011br\u0148ovac\u00ed diodou propu\u0161t\u011bno do filtra\u010dn\u00edho kondenz\u00e1toru. Proud tekouc\u00ed sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm postupn\u011b spot\u0159ebuje energii magnetick\u00e9ho pole a poklesne z&nbsp;maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty na nulu. Na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed se zp\u011btnou transformac\u00ed naindukuje nap\u011bt\u00ed U<sub>ZT<\/sub>, kter\u00e9 lze vypo\u010d\u00edtat takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"390\" height=\"33\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-4.png 390w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-4-366x31.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-4-150x13.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Na v\u00fdkonov\u00fd tranzistor v&nbsp;tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed 650V. Dimenzovat tranzistor a jeho ochrann\u00e9 obvody na takov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Je v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bnit p\u0159evodov\u00fd pom\u011br transform\u00e1toru tak, aby maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed indukovan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed bylo ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 jej sni\u017eovat moc, proto\u017ee roste maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed proud vinut\u00edm i polovodi\u010di. Kompromis by mohl b\u00fdt kolem 420V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"332\" height=\"61\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1470\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-5.png 332w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-5-150x28.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u011bt\u00ed 420V s&nbsp;rezervou zvl\u00e1dne nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdkonov\u00fd tranzistor IRF840, nebo integrovan\u00fd obvod TNY274 s&nbsp;ochrann\u00fdmi obvody, kter\u00e9 jsou v&nbsp;katalogov\u00e9m zapojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty budu pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159evodov\u00fd pom\u011br 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>Kdy\u017e pro sp\u00ednan\u00fd zdroj navinu transform\u00e1tor s&nbsp;vypo\u010dten\u00fdm p\u0159evodov\u00fdm pom\u011brem 59, bude zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tranzistoru p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nastaven\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddy sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Spolu se zm\u011bnou p\u0159evodov\u00e9ho pom\u011bru je pot\u0159eba zm\u011bnit st\u0159\u00eddu sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonov\u00e9ho tranzistoru. U oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho transform\u00e1toru nap\u00e1jen\u00e9ho st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdm proudem ze s\u00edt\u011b je st\u0159\u00edda sinusov\u00e9ho pr\u016fb\u011bhu 1 : 1. St\u0159\u00edd\u011b 1 : 1 v&nbsp;navrhovan\u00e9m zdroji odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159evodov\u00fd pom\u011br 59. Kdy\u017e sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edme p\u0159evodov\u00fd pom\u011br na 13, je pot\u0159eba zkr\u00e1tit dobu t<sub>OFF<\/sub> ve stejn\u00e9m pom\u011bru, jako je p\u016fvodn\u00ed a nov\u00fd p\u0159evodov\u00fd pom\u011br vinut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"85\" height=\"49\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1471\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>t<sub>ON<\/sub> = 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>t<sub>OFF<\/sub> = 4,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edsla jsou zat\u00edm bezrozm\u011brn\u00e1, jde o pom\u011br \u010dasu sepnut\u00ed a rozepnut\u00ed tranzistoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U obvodu UC3842 je pot\u0159eba upravit pom\u011br kapacity a odporu RC \u010dl\u00e1nku tak, aby st\u0159\u00edda byla o n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e je pot\u0159ebn\u00e1. Obvod tak bude schopen dodat maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon i p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm nap\u00e1jec\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed. Obvod TNY274 nastav\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddu sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed automaticky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdpo\u010det proudu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u017eadovan\u00fd v\u00fdkon m\u011bni\u010de je 5W.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u0159edn\u00ed hodnota prim\u00e1rn\u00edho proudu je<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"261\" height=\"58\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-7.png 261w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-7-150x33.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Proud prim\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm m\u00e1 pilovit\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh, v&nbsp;\u010dasov\u00e9m intervalu T<sub>ON<\/sub> roste od nuly k&nbsp;maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnot\u011b. Ta mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak velk\u00e1, aby energie pulsu byla dostate\u010dn\u00e1 k&nbsp;pokryt\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed proud prim\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm je tedy vypo\u010dten podle st\u0159\u00eddy sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho st\u0159edn\u00edho proudu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"508\" height=\"33\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1473\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-8.png 508w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-8-366x24.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-8-150x10.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed proud sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm je<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"346\" height=\"37\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1474\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-9.png 346w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-9-150x16.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pracovn\u00ed kmito\u010det<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Te\u010f je pot\u0159eba promyslet, na jak\u00e9 frekvenci bude zdroj pracovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Feritov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra zvl\u00e1dnou v\u017edy alespo\u0148 200kHz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kmito\u010det \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edho obvodu m\u011bni\u010de UC3842 lze nastavit pomoc\u00ed RC \u010dl\u00e1nku v&nbsp;rozsahu 50kHz \u2013 150kHz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obvod TNY274 pracuje na kmito\u010dtu 132kHz, to se hod\u00ed i pro UC3842, tak\u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det bude prov\u00e1d\u011bn s&nbsp;t\u00edmto kmito\u010dtem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Perioda sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"364\" height=\"54\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-10.png 364w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-10-150x22.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Doba zapnut\u00ed v\u00fdkonov\u00e9ho tranzistoru je<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"414\" height=\"50\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-11.png 414w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-11-366x44.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-11-150x18.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Doba vypnut\u00ed je<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"324\" height=\"29\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-12.png 324w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-12-150x13.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdpo\u010det induk\u010dnosti vinut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Induk\u010dnost je definov\u00e1na jako pom\u011br magnetick\u00e9ho toku a elektrick\u00e9ho proudu, kter\u00fd te\u010de c\u00edvkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"74\" height=\"47\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-30.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1513\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed v&nbsp;blokuj\u00edc\u00edm m\u011bni\u010di, je c\u00edvka nap\u00e1jen\u00e1 stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdm proudem po dobu sepnut\u00ed tranzistoru. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby proud poroste rovnom\u011brn\u011b a s&nbsp;n\u00edm i magnetick\u00fd tok \u03a6 v&nbsp;j\u00e1d\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Magnetick\u00fd tok vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ve feritov\u00e9m j\u00e1d\u0159e magnetickou indukci B, jej\u00ed\u017e velikost je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 proudu a plo\u0161e j\u00e1dra. Magnetick\u00e1 indukce syt\u00ed j\u00e1dro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;okam\u017eiku, kdy je j\u00e1dro nasyceno, c\u00edvka \u201ezmiz\u00ed\u201c &#8211; jej\u00ed odpor bude nulov\u00fd a proud rychle roste teoreticky do nekone\u010dna. To je situace, kterou zachr\u00e1n\u00ed proudov\u00e1 pojistka v \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edm obvodu m\u011bni\u010de a odpoj\u00ed tranzistor. V datov\u00e9m listu feritov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra je uvedeno, pro jakou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed indukci je j\u00e1dro ur\u010deno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My pot\u0159ebujeme naj\u00edt induk\u010dnost, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 za dobu T<sub>ON<\/sub> kdy je sepnut tranzistor, dojdeme k\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmu proudu 0,19A. To je situace, kdy v ka\u017ed\u00e9m pulsu bude p\u0159eneseno spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed energie. Pokud bude pot\u0159eba men\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed energie, \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed elektronika zdroje omez\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku pulsu, nebo n\u011bkter\u00e9 pulsy vynech\u00e1. To je stand-by re\u017eim modern\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Induk\u010dnost prim\u00e1rn\u00edho vinut\u00ed <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"526\" height=\"53\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-13.png 526w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-13-366x37.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-13-150x15.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Induk\u010dnost sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho vinut\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"59\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-14.png 473w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-14-366x46.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-14-150x19.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Po\u010det z\u00e1vit\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Feritov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro pou\u017eit\u00e9 v&nbsp;m\u011bni\u010di bude EFD20\/10\/7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010det je pot\u0159eba naj\u00edt v&nbsp;katalogov\u00e9m listu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Efektivn\u00ed pr\u016f\u0159ez j\u00e1dra A<sub>e<\/sub> = 31 mm2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed sycen\u00ed B = 100mT<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010det z\u00e1vit\u016f prim\u00e1rn\u00edho vinut\u00ed s&nbsp;induk\u010dnost\u00ed L<sub>1<\/sub> bude spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n tak, aby p\u0159ed rozepnut\u00edm tranzistoru bylo j\u00e1dro nasyceno magnetickou indukc\u00ed B = 100mT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"366\" height=\"52\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-16.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-16-150x21.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010det z\u00e1vit\u016f sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho vinut\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"355\" height=\"54\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-15.png 355w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-15-150x23.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 355px) 100vw, 355px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pokus se sycen\u00edm j\u00e1dra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro demonstraci toho, jak vypad\u00e1 p\u0159esycen\u00e9 j\u00e1dro c\u00edvky jsem sestavil jednoduch\u00fd obvod nap\u00e1jen\u00fd nap\u011bt\u00edm pravo\u00fahl\u00e9ho pr\u016fb\u011bhu. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edvka je v s\u00e9rii s rezistorem, kter\u00fd je pou\u017eit k zobrazen\u00ed proudu na osciloskopu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"311\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-33.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-33.png 443w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-33-366x257.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-33-150x105.png 150w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-33-130x90.png 130w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159ed bude m\u011b\u0159eno s&nbsp;j\u00e1drem bez mezery. Induk\u010dnost je mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e bylo vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"394\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-32.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-32.png 394w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-32-243x274.png 243w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-32-133x150.png 133w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Proud c\u00edvkou roste rovnom\u011brn\u011b po dobu 1ms, pak se j\u00e1dro nasyt\u00ed a proud za\u010dne r\u016fst velmi rychle. Transform\u00e1tor je navr\u017een pro kmito\u010det 100kHz, doba sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed bude v \u0159\u00e1du mikrosekund. Tak\u017ee proud nestihne vyr\u016fst tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ukl\u00e1dat energii. A i kdyby to stihl, j\u00e1dro se nasyt\u00ed a energie se neulo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-34.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-34.png 800w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-34-366x221.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-34-150x90.png 150w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-34-768x463.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dlut\u00fd paprsek zobrazuje proud, fialov\u00fd nap\u011bt\u00ed na c\u00edvce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je pou\u017eito j\u00e1dro s&nbsp;mezerou, jej\u00ed\u017e velikost byla spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na pro po\u017eadovanou induk\u010dnost 1,1mH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"380\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-35.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-35.png 380w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-35-261x274.png 261w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-35-143x150.png 143w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Proud roste mnohem rychleji, energie je ukl\u00e1d\u00e1na do mezery v&nbsp;magnetick\u00e9m obvodu &#8211; j\u00e1dro s mezerou je p\u0159ipraveno k pou\u017eit\u00ed v blokuj\u00edc\u00edm m\u011bni\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-36.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-36.png 803w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-36-366x220.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-36-150x90.png 150w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-36-768x461.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed induk\u010dnosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e pou\u017eijeme j\u00e1dro bez mezery, bude induk\u010dnost prim\u00e1rn\u00edho vinut\u00ed mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e bylo spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no. Proud prim\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm poroste pomalu a b\u011bhem pulsu T<sub>ON<\/sub> nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 do j\u00e1dra transform\u00e1toru ulo\u017eit energii pot\u0159ebnou v\u00a0\u010dase T<sub>OFF<\/sub>. Sp\u00ednan\u00fd zdroj s transform\u00e1torem bez mezery p\u0159enese jenom zlomek n\u00e1mi po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. Mo\u017en\u00e1 na chv\u00edli rozsv\u00edt\u00ed LED diodu a pak se vypne, proto\u017ee pomocn\u00e9 vinut\u00ed nebude schopno dodat dost energie pro nap\u00e1jen\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edho obvodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je tedy pot\u0159eba sn\u00ed\u017eit induk\u010dnost vinut\u00ed na p\u0159edem vypo\u010d\u00edtanou hodnotu tak, aby se b\u011bhem pulsu p\u0159em\u011bnilo dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie z elektrick\u00e9 na magnetickou. Mohli bychom ubrat n\u011bjak\u00e9 z\u00e1vity z vinut\u00ed. Ale po\u010det z\u00e1vit\u016f byl ur\u010den s ohledem na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed sycen\u00ed j\u00e1dra. Tak\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm po\u010dtu z\u00e1vit\u016f bychom zv\u00fd\u0161ili hustotu magnetick\u00e9ho toku a t\u00edm i sycen\u00ed j\u00e1dra nad \u00fanosnou mez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Druhou mo\u017enost\u00ed jak sn\u00ed\u017eit induk\u010dnost c\u00edvky, je zmen\u0161it schopnost j\u00e1dra v\u00e9st magnetick\u00fd tok, tedy permeabilitu j\u00e1dra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1me k dispozici feritov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro 3C94 s permeabilitou \u00b5<sub>r<\/sub> = 1570.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Efektivn\u00ed d\u00e9lka magnetick\u00e9ho obvodu j\u00e1dra je l<sub>EF<\/sub> = 47mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Permeabilita vakua je \u00b5<sub>0<\/sub> = 4 * \u03c0 * 10<sup>-7<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"59\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-37.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-37.png 700w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-37-366x31.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-37-150x13.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nebo jednodu\u0161eji s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm sou\u010dinitele induk\u010dnosti j\u00e1dra 3C94 z\u00a0katalogov\u00e9ho listu A<sub>L<\/sub> = 1300nH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"466\" height=\"39\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-38.png 466w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-38-366x31.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-38-150x13.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 466px) 100vw, 466px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee bude pot\u0159eba j\u00e1dro s\u00a0mnohem men\u0161\u00ed permeabilitou, ne\u017e m\u00e1me k dispozici. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit permeabilitu j\u00e1dra, je vlo\u017eit magnetick\u00e9mu toku do cesty vzduchovou mezeru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vzduchov\u00e1 mezera<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed budeme m\u00edt magnetick\u00fd obvod s\u00a047mm feritov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra a n\u011bkolika desetinami milimetr\u016f vzduchu. Induk\u010dnost takov\u00e9 c\u00edvky bude n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"169\" height=\"74\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-39.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-39.png 169w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-39-150x66.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 169px) 100vw, 169px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dapravou z\u00edsk\u00e1me vztah pro v\u00fdpo\u010det velikosti vzduchov\u00e9 mezery:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"678\" height=\"60\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-40.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-40.png 678w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-40-366x32.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-40-150x13.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Velikost mezery se bude zv\u011bt\u0161ovat s\u00a0po\u017eadovan\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 transform\u00e1tor p\u0159en\u00e9st, ale p\u0159itom ji nelze zv\u011bt\u0161ovat donekone\u010dna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spolu se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem se zvy\u0161uje i tepeln\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta ve vinut\u00ed. Tak\u017ee je pot\u0159eba zv\u011bt\u0161it pr\u016f\u0159ez dr\u00e1tu, vinut\u00ed se na vybran\u00e9 j\u00e1dro nevejde a je pot\u0159eba zvolit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed j\u00e1dro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u00e1 vyb\u00edr\u00e1m odhadem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed j\u00e1dra ne\u017e je pot\u0159eba, proto\u017ee m\u00e9 vinut\u00ed nen\u00ed dokonal\u00e9 a pot\u0159ebuji pro n\u011bj dost m\u00edsta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u0159edn\u00ed sloupek j\u00e1dra lze opatrn\u011b pilovat, nebo brousit kamenn\u00fdm kotou\u010dem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento v\u00fdpo\u010det je v praxi pouze orienta\u010dn\u00ed, mal\u00e9 mezery stejn\u011b nem\u00e1m \u010d\u00edm zm\u011b\u0159it dost p\u0159esn\u011b. Lep\u0161\u00ed je postupn\u011b pilovat a m\u011b\u0159it induk\u010dnost prim\u00e1rn\u00edho vinut\u00ed, a\u017e dojdeme k\u00a0po\u017eadovan\u00e9 hodnot\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1322\" height=\"738\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-41.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1541\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-41.png 1322w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-41-366x204.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-41-150x84.png 150w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-41-768x429.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1322px) 100vw, 1322px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Skin efekt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pracovn\u00ed frekvence transform\u00e1toru je 132kHz, tak\u017ee se v\u00fdrazn\u011b projev\u00ed skin efekt. To je situace, kdy st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud proch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze po povrchu vodi\u010de a hloubka vniku bude <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"566\" height=\"75\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-18.png 566w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-18-366x48.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-18-150x20.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03c1<sub>Cu<\/sub> je m\u011brn\u00fd odpor m\u011bdi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00b5<sub>Cu<\/sub> je permeabilita m\u011bdi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pr\u016f\u0159ez dr\u00e1tu, ne\u017e 0,36mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u016f\u0159ez dr\u00e1tu pro vinut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u016f\u0159ez dr\u00e1tu pro jednotliv\u00e1 vinut\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt stanoven tak, aby nebyla p\u0159ekro\u010dena hodnota 4A na 1mm<sup>2<\/sup> pr\u016f\u0159ezu. Dr\u00e1t o pr\u016fm\u011bru 0,36mm m\u00e1 pr\u016f\u0159ez 0,1mm<sup>2<\/sup>, tak\u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 jej pou\u017e\u00edt pro max. proud 0,4A. Pokud bude pot\u0159eba v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed proud, je nutn\u00e9 jej rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika vodi\u010d\u016f vinut\u00fdch spole\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u00e1 m\u00e1m k&nbsp;dispozici dr\u00e1ty o pr\u016fm\u011bru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; 0,18mm pr\u016f\u0159ez je 0,025mm<sup>2<\/sup> a lze pou\u017e\u00edt do 0,1A <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; 0,25mm pr\u016f\u0159ez je 0,05mm<sup>2<\/sup> a lze pou\u017e\u00edt do 0,2A<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed proud prim\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm na konci impulsu v&nbsp;dob\u011b T<sub>ON<\/sub> je 0,187A, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd proud po dobu pulsu je 0,1A, bude sta\u010dit jeden vodi\u010d o pr\u016fm\u011bru 0,18mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed 5V<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed proud sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm na za\u010d\u00e1tku impulsu v&nbsp;dob\u011b T<sub>OFF<\/sub> je 2,4A, pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd proud po dobu pulsu je 1,2A. Tady bude pot\u0159eba minim\u00e1ln\u011b 6 vodi\u010d\u016f o pr\u016fm\u011bru 0,25mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pom\u011br prim\u00e1rn\u00edho a prvn\u00edho sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho vinut\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u00fapln\u011b p\u0159esn\u00fd, proto\u017ee v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed je regulov\u00e1no zp\u011btnou vazbou s&nbsp;opto\u010dlenem. Zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba nastav\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku a po\u010det puls\u016f tak, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010det z\u00e1vit\u016f dal\u0161\u00edch sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch vinut\u00ed mus\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b odpov\u00eddat pom\u011bru nap\u011bt\u00ed na prvn\u00edm sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00ed, aby bylo dosa\u017eeno spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u016f\u0159ez dr\u00e1tu se ur\u010d\u00ed podobn\u011b jako v&nbsp;p\u0159edchoz\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon m\u011bni\u010de je potom sou\u010dtem maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdkon\u016f v\u0161ech vinut\u00ed. Pr\u016f\u0159ez prim\u00e1rn\u00edho vinut\u00ed a jeho induk\u010dnost se spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 podle celkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdroba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed vrstva je polovina z\u00e1vit\u016f pro prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed, v dal\u0161\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch jsou sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed a na z\u00e1v\u011br je druh\u00e1 polovina prim\u00e1ru. To je zp\u016fsob, jak zlep\u0161it vazbu mezi vinut\u00edmi a sn\u00ed\u017eit tak rozptylovou induk\u010dnosti transform\u00e1toru. Transform\u00e1tor s velkou rozptylovou induk\u010dnost\u00ed produkuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozptylov\u00e9 pole, co\u017e vede k zbyte\u010dn\u00e9mu zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonov\u00fdch polovodi\u010d\u016f a jejich ochrann\u00fdch prvk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro dal\u0161\u00ed omezen\u00ed rozptylov\u00e9ho pole m\u016f\u017eeme cel\u00fd transform\u00e1tor, v\u010detn\u011b bo\u010dn\u00edch ramen j\u00e1dra ovinout z\u00e1vitem z m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 f\u00f3lie, kter\u00fd je zap\u00e1jen &#8211; zkratov\u00e1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"534\" height=\"834\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-21.png 534w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-21-175x274.png 175w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-21-96x150.png 96w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kostra pro v\u00fdrobu transform\u00e1toru lze koupit nap\u0159. tady:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tme.eu\/cz\/details\/cph-efd20-10p\/kostry-a-prislusenstvi\/ferroxcube\/cph-efd20-7-1s-10p\/?brutto=cz\">https:\/\/www.tme.eu\/cz\/details\/cph-efd20-10p\/kostry-a-prislusenstvi\/ferroxcube\/cph-efd20-7-1s-10p\/?brutto=cz<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u00e1dro je zde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tme.eu\/cz\/details\/efd20-3f3\/feritova-jadra\/ferroxcube\/efd20-10-7-3f3\/\">https:\/\/www.tme.eu\/cz\/details\/efd20-3f3\/feritova-jadra\/ferroxcube\/efd20-10-7-3f3\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elektroizola\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1ska:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tme.eu\/cz\/details\/3m-1350f-1-12\/izolacni-pasky\/3m\/fe-5100-9032-0\/?brutto=1&amp;currency=CZK&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMIhNaKjKDc_wIVCPt3Ch1e6A7XEAQYAiABEgJQsfD_BwE\">https:\/\/www.tme.eu\/cz\/details\/3m-1350f-1-12\/izolacni-pasky\/3m\/fe-5100-9032-0\/?brutto=1&amp;currency=CZK&amp;gclid=EAIaIQobChMIhNaKjKDc_wIVCPt3Ch1e6A7XEAQYAiABEgJQsfD_BwE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chyby<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nespr\u00e1vn\u011b zvolen\u00fd p\u0159evodov\u00fd pom\u011br a p\u0159et\u011b\u017eovan\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 obvody v\u00fdkonov\u00e9ho tranzistoru jsou pops\u00e1ny v \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i nevhodn\u011b zvolen\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch RC \u010dl\u00e1nku u obvodu UC3842 je tranzistor sepnut p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9mu sycen\u00ed j\u00e1dra, energie z n\u011bj nen\u00ed spot\u0159ebov\u00e1na &#8211; na osciloskopu je pr\u016fb\u011bh proudu prim\u00e1rn\u00edm vinut\u00edm. Na z\u00e1v\u011br je vypnuto proudovou ochranou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"723\" height=\"431\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1498\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-23.png 723w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-23-366x218.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-23-150x89.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevhodn\u011b zvolen\u00e1 velikost kondenz\u00e1toru C<sub>21<\/sub> pro omezen\u00ed dU\/dt. Kdy\u017e je kondenz\u00e1tor p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd, nap\u0159. 2n2 pro kmito\u010det 132kHz, pote\u010de zbyte\u010dn\u011b velk\u00fd proud p\u0159es rezistory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"290\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1499\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-24.png 290w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-24-150x137.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kondenz\u00e1tor C29 mezi prim\u00e1rn\u00edm a sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm obvodem zdroje. Mus\u00ed m\u00edt jednotky nanofarad\u016f a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dimenzov\u00e1n na vysok\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Slou\u017e\u00ed k odveden\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9ho \u0161umu, kter\u00fd je produkov\u00e1n p\u0159i sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonov\u00e9ho tranzistoru. V m\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zdroje p\u0159estalo fungovat USB rozhran\u00ed osciloskopu a ST-LINK pro programov\u00e1n\u00ed procesoru STM32. A\u017e pozd\u011bji jsem p\u0159i\u0161el na to, \u017ee na desce chyb\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"599\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1501\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-26.png 599w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-26-270x274.png 270w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-26-148x150.png 148w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regulace v\u00fdkonu zdroje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cel\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det v \u010dl\u00e1nku byl prov\u00e1d\u011bn pro maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon, kter\u00fd budeme pot\u0159ebovat. M\u016fj zdroj je je\u0161t\u011b o 30% p\u0159edimenzov\u00e1n, tak\u017ee v\u00fdpo\u010det v\u00fdkonu v\u010detn\u011b 12V vinut\u00ed nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00fd. V praxi \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed obvod omezuje po\u010det puls\u016f podle sign\u00e1lu ze zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby, kter\u00e1 je tvo\u0159ena opto\u010dlenem. Tak\u017ee kdy\u017e je dosa\u017eeno po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed na filtra\u010dn\u00edm kondenz\u00e1toru sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho obvodu, otev\u0159e se dioda TL431, rozsv\u00edt\u00ed opto\u010dlen a \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed obvod vynech\u00e1 n\u011bkolik impuls\u016f. Kdy\u017e je odb\u011br minim\u00e1ln\u00ed, nebo skoro nulov\u00fd, vynech\u00e1 TNY278 hodn\u011b impuls\u016f a \u010dek\u00e1, a\u017e se filtra\u010dn\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor vybije o n\u011bkolik milivolt\u016f a dioda TL431 se zav\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-42.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1544\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-42.png 800w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-42-366x219.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-42-150x90.png 150w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-42-768x459.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tady zdroj b\u011bhem 35\u00b5s vytvo\u0159\u00ed 5 puls\u016f a potom 73\u00b5s \u010dek\u00e1, ne\u017e zhasne LED v opto\u010dlenu &#8211; p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdkon je asi 30% z maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spot\u0159eba obvodu, kter\u00fd je \u010dasto v standby re\u017eimu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi mal\u00e1 a pro jej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed omezen\u00ed doporu\u010duji pou\u017e\u00edt pomocn\u00e9 vinut\u00ed a diodu D<sub>14<\/sub> pro nap\u00e1jen\u00ed obvodu TNY278 i kdy\u017e jinak nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba. Obvod se m\u016f\u017ee nap\u00e1jet i p\u0159es prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vinut\u00ed transform\u00e1toru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UC3842 nen\u00ed pro aplikace s n\u00edzk\u00fdm odb\u011brem vhodn\u00fd, jeho vlastn\u00ed spot\u0159eba je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s TNY278 docela velk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zenerova dioda D<sub>28<\/sub> tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ovou ochranu. Kdy\u017e nap\u011bt\u00ed je nap\u011bt\u00ed na pomocn\u00e9m vinut\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9, dioda se otev\u0159e a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed proud zastav\u00ed chod obvodu TNY278.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Je pravda, \u017ee pro v\u011bt\u0161inu amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed lze sp\u00ednan\u00fd zdroj koupit hotov\u00fd, nebo alespo\u0148 do sp\u00ednan\u00e9ho zdroje koupit hotov\u00fd transform\u00e1tor. J\u00e1 se cht\u011bl nau\u010dit vyr\u00e1b\u011bt trasform\u00e1tory tak, aby zdroj byl ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u00e9 konstrukce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u011bdomosti m\u011b st\u00e1ly spoustu z\u00e1bavy a sp\u00e1len\u00fdch tranzistor\u016f &#8211; proto jsem je cht\u011bl uspo\u0159\u00e1dat do jednoho \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eu nap\u00e1jet historick\u00e9 zobrazovac\u00ed prvky. Itrony, digitrony a jednou mo\u017en\u00e1 i obrazovky z m\u00e9 sb\u00edrky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"597\" height=\"390\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-27.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-27.png 597w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-27-366x239.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-27-150x98.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 597px) 100vw, 597px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1630\" height=\"861\" src=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-28.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-28.png 1630w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-28-366x193.png 366w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-28-150x79.png 150w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-28-768x406.png 768w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-28-1536x811.png 1536w, https:\/\/ok2jnj.ok2kld.cz\/ok2jnj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/obrazek-28-390x205.png 390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1630px) 100vw, 1630px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J\u00e1 bych cht\u011bl doplnit postup p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu a amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b transform\u00e1toru, nebo vlastn\u011b tlumivky s\u00a0n\u011bkolika vinut\u00edmi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1488,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[256,262,260,258],"class_list":["post-1464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika","tag-blokujici-menic","tag-blokujici-menic-vypocet","tag-flyback-calculation","tag-flyback-transformer"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>V\u00fdpo\u010det a v\u00fdroba transform\u00e1toru pro blokuj\u00edc\u00ed sp\u00ednan\u00fd zdroj<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"J\u00e1 bych cht\u011bl doplnit postup p\u0159i n\u00e1vrhu a amat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b transform\u00e1toru, nebo vlastn\u011b tlumivky s\u00a0n\u011bkolika vinut\u00edmi.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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